HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS AND
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

HA THI HANG
HUMAN RESOURCES FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION
AND MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH
KNOWLEDGE - BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
IN THUA THIEN HUE NOWADAYS
THE DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS
HA NOI – 2013
HÀ TH
Ị HẰNG
LU
ẬN ÁN TIẾN SỸ KINH TẾ
HÀ N
ỘI
- 2013
HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS AND
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

HA THI HANG
HUMAN RESOURCES FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION
AND MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH
KNOWLEDGE - BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
IN THUA THIEN HUE NOWADAYS
Major : Political Economy
Code : 62 31 01 01
THE DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS
Scientific instructors: 1. Associate Prof.Dr.Tran Quang Lam
2. Dr. Vu Thi Thoa
HA NOI – 2013

Junior College
ĐH
University
FDI
Foreign Direct Investment
GD - ĐT
Education- Training
GS
Professor
KTTT
Market economy
KTTTh
Knowledge-based economy
KT - XH
Socio-economy
KH - CN
Science-technology
KCN
Industrial Zone
LLLĐ
Labor force
LLSX
Production labor force
LĐ
Labor
NCS
Postgraduate
NNL
Human resource
NNLCLC

1.2
CHAPTER 1:
AN OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH INTO HUMAN RESOURCE FOR
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED
WITH KNOWLEGDE- BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
The research works into human resources for industrialization and
modernization.
The research works into high- quality human resources in the
knowledge-based economy
7
7
19
CHAPTER 2:
RATIONALE AND REALITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED
WITH KNOWLEGDE- BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
28
2.1
Human resources for industrialization and modernization associated
with the development of the knowledge-based economy
28
2.1.1
Human resources and characteristics of human resources for
industrialization and modernization associated with the
development of the knowledge-based economy
28
2.1.2
Industrialization and modernization associated with the
development of knowledge-based economy and requirements of
human resources

resources for industrialization and modernization associated with
the development of the knowledge-based economy
73
CHAPTER 3:
THE CURRENT SITUATION OF HUMAN RESOURCE FOR
INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION
ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE-
BASED ECONOMY IN THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE
76
3.1
Natural conditions, Socio-economic characteristics of Thua Thien
Hue affecting the formation and development of human resources
for industrialization and modernization associated with the
development of the knowledge-based economy
76
3.1.1
Natural conditions of Thua Thien Hue Province affecting the
formation and development of human resources for industrialization
and modernization associated with the development of the
knowledge-based economy
76
3.1.2
Socio- economic conditions of Thua Thien Hue affecting the
formation and development of human resources for industrialization
and modernization associated with the development of the
knowledge-based economy
78
3.1.3
Evaluation of natural conditions, socio- economic situations
influencing the formation and development of human resources for

economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue
118
3.3.1
Advantages, benefits in the development and structural shift of
human resources for industrialization and modernization associated
with the development of knowledge-based economy in the province
of Thua Thien Hue
119
3.3.2
Restrictions, causes of limitations and issues raised in the
development and structural shift of human resources for
industrialization and modernization associated with the
development of the knowledge-based economy
122
CHAPTER 4:
VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO HUMAN RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION
ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED
ECONOMY IN THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE
133
4.1
Viewpoints and forecasts on the development of human resources
for industrialization and modernization associated with the
development of knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua
Thien Hue
133
4.1.1
Forecasting the demand of human resources for industrialization
and modernization associated with the development of knowledge-
based economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue in 2020.

175
LIST OF REFERENCES
APPENDIX
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Number sign Name of table and figure Page
Table 2.1
Informatics’ Labor force in the total labor force of
developed countries
56
Table 2.2
Labor force in the field of software in developed countries
56
Table 2.3
Work development in economic sectors in advanced
countries
57
Table 3.1
The structure of the working age population by educational
level
88
Table 3.2
The intelligentsia of Thua Thien Hue Province to 2010
89
Table 3.3
Scientific- Technical Staff of Hue University in 2001 - 2011
90
Table 3.4
Labor force working in the IT field in 2009
92
Table 3.5

- 2011
109
1
INTRODUCTION
1. The urgency of the theme
Theory and practice have confirmed the critical role of human resources,
especially High-Quality Human Resources for the socio-economic development in
general and industrialization and modernization in particular. In fact, nations and
locals paying interest in training and rationally effective use of human resources
have reaped success. The rapid recovery of Germany after World War II, or the
miraculous development of the countries and territories with the advanced industry
in Asia like Japan, Korea, and Singapore is clear evidence.
Human resources plays a decisive role, but different levels of development
pose different requirements for human resources. In the context of the scientific and
technological revolution, the trend of globalization and the rapid spread of the
knowledge-based economy, Vietnam can not make industrialization, modernization
in the "traditional" way but "taking a short-cut and wait in front" instead, ie
industrialization, modernization are associated with the development of the
knowledge-based economy. The Resolution of the Tenth Party Congress confirmed
"Seize the favorable advantages created by the international context and the
potential, advantages of the country to shorten the process of industrialization and
modernization in the country as socialist-oriented, socialism associated with the
development of the knowledge-based economy". To accomplish this goal, in the
strategy of socio-economic development to the year 2020, the Party identified three
breakthroughs and one of them is rapid development of human resources, especially
high-quality human resources.
Thua Thien Hue is a Province in the Central Region with relatively harsh
natural conditions and limited resources for the socio-economic development.
Recognizing the importance of human resource development, High-Quality Human
Resources for the socio-economic growth and development, Thua Thien Hue

only 1.79%; 4) The staff of the commune, ward or township has limited capacity,
3
professional expertise: more than 50% of the commune, ward or township does not
meet the standard
The question is, to absorb and apply the achievements of human knowledge, to
create new knowledge and implement the Conclusion 48/KL - TW dated 25/5/2009
of the Political Bureau on building and development of Thua Thien Hue Province
by 2020, it requires the Province to focus on human resource development, high-
quality human resources. This is a big challenge for Thua Thien Hue Province
where the majority of the population living on agriculture with backward production
level of mainly simple and unskilled labor. Therefore, development of human
resources to meet the requirements of industrialization and modernization
associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy should be
studied deeply both in theory and practice to get the consistency in awareness, as
well as the way to do it.
Deriving from the above reasons, the postgraduate student chooses the topic
"Human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with the
development of knowledge-based economy in the Province of Thua Thien Hue at
the present time" for the doctoral thesis.
2. Objectives and research tasks of the dissertation
2.1. Research objectives
On the basis of the systematizing theoretical and practical issues in human
resources for industrialization and modernization associated with the development
of the knowledge-based economy, the thesis analyses, assesses the situation of
human resources for industry of modernization associated with the development of
the knowledge-based economy in the Province of Thua Thien-Hue. It has proposed
a number of measures to develop human resources for industrialization and
modernization associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy in
the Province of Thua Thien Hue in the near future.
2.2. Research tasks

of Thua Thien-Hue.
5
Time: Studying human resources for industrialization and modernization
associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy in the Province
of Thua Thien Hue with the data limited in the period from 1999 to 2012 and the
solutions made for the period up to 2020.
4. Research Methodology
- The thesis is based on the theoretical basis of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi
Minh’s Ideology, viewpoints, guidelines and policies of the Communist Party, the
State's policy on human resource development and the relating economic theories.
Factual basis of the thesis is to analyze the experience of some countries and
localities of our country and evaluate the development status and shift the structure
of human resources in Thua Thien-Hue.
- On the theoretical basis of dialectical materialism and historical materialism
of Marxism-Leninism, the thesis uses specific methods: analysis - synthesis method,
information collecting and processing method; at the same time, inherits the
research results related to the thesis.
- In particular, questionnaire survey is used to collect opinions of employees
on issues related to human resources. Due to limitations in time and expense, the
thesis only surveyed 500 labors including workers in enterprises (100 samples),
labors doing management work (100 samples); labors in the fields of Finance,
Banking and Insurance (100 samples); labors doing Education- Training tasks (100
samples) and labors in Construction, IT and Telecommunication (100 samples). In
addition, the thesis uses expert method to interview 80 people working in
leadership, human resource management in many agencies and businesses located
in the Province and has direct discussion with a number of scientists to clarify the
theoretical and practical issues related to the thesis.
5. New scientific contribution of the thesis
- Introducing the concept of human resources, human resources for
industrialization and modernization associated with the development of the

Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ON HUMAN RESOURCES FOR
INDUSTRIALIZATION, MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH
KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
In the recent years, Human resources, High-Quality Human Resources is the
issue in which many scientists in and outside the country have had interest and done
a lot of valuable scientific research widely publicized in forms of reference books,
dissertations, scientific articles To ensure the inheritance and affirm the
contributions of the thesis, the dissertation divides the scientific works into two
groups of issues: the studies of human resources for industrialization and
modernization and research about High-Quality Human Resources in the
knowledge-based economy. On such basis, the thesis has chosen and generalized
the relating works to the thesis as follows:
1.1. THE STUDIES INTO HUMAN RESOURCES FOR
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION
1.1.1. Reference Books and Monographs
- Nolwen Henaff, Jean - Yves Martin scientific editor (2001), Labor,
Employment and Human Resources in Vietnam in 15 years of innovation, World
Publisher, Hanoi. This is a collection of articles written by scientists in the nation
and abroad about: educational policy, employment, economic restructuring,
business development, human resources development by such researchers as: Dr.
Nolwen Henaff, Dr. Jean - Yves Martin, Professor Geoffrey B.Hainsworth, Dr.
Fiona Howell, Dr. Nguyen Huu Dung, Dr. Tran Duc Khanh, Associate Prof. Vo Dai
Luoc , Dr. Tran Tien Cuong Of which, notably is the article by Professor
Geoffrey B.Hainsworth "Development of human resources to meet the challenges of
the strong globalization process and an economy based on the new
understandings". The author has a unique approach when asking questions like:
How to expand the career options and life prospects for rural population - those who
8
are holding the greatest undiscovered resources of the country? How can they

pointed out the practical benefits of human resources if we know and respect: 1)
Human capital is a special capital possible to produce sources of income in the
future, so investment in human resources will bring higher rate of return, the more
this capital is widely used, the greater the value is, the more wealth is created,
bringing prosperity to the society; 2) Human capital doesn’t have the regularity like
other sources: depreciation of capital invested in the property and other type of
materials; human capital after investment will maintain and develop without
creating pressure on the volume of capital required in a short time; being the capital
with skills, knowledge, experience and creative ability. Thus, if there is investment
in human capital, the perTechnical expertise ive effect will be great that no other
capital can match. With this approach the author offers suggestions for the thesis
analyzing the requirements of human resources, especially High-Quality Human
Resources for the industrialization and modernization associated with the
development of knowledge-based economy.
- Le Thi Ai Lam (2003), Development of human resources through education
- Training - Experience of East Asian Countries, Socio-Science Publishing House,
Hanoi. The book is meticulous scientific research work applying approach by the
world economy major and international economic relations, is divided into three
sections: the first section, the author provides theoretical treatise about HRD
through Education - Training by presenting HRD concepts, human development,
relationships between human resources development and industrialization. At the
same time the author gives a theoretical framework with such main points as:
human resources for economic growth, human resources for improvement of labor
productivity, increase income, reduce poverty and inequality; the trend of
knowledge-based economy development and globalization create public demand for
High-Quality Human Resources to interpret the role of improving the quality of
human resources through Education – Training; the second part, with 4 chapters,
the author focuses on analysis of practical development through Education-
10
Training in East Asia. Chapter 2: The role of human resources development

which outlining six suggestions for the development of human resources through
Education - Training in Vietnam until 2010. In this research, the valuable
experience of the East Asian countries in High-Quality Human Resources
development is inherited and selected.
- Dr. Nguyen Thanh (2005), Development of human resources for
industrialization and modernization of the country, National Political Publishing
House, Hanoi. Approaching philosophical perspective, the author derives from the
standpoint of Marxism – Leninism, Ho Chi Minh’s Ideology and relies on the
Party's viewpoint on human development, the role of education in order to confirm
of Education - Training as "a top national policy" to develop quality human
resources. The book is structured into three parts: the first part, the author outlines
the concept of Marxism – Leninism, Ho Chi Minh’s Ideology and relies on the
Party's viewpoint on human development, human resources development, from
which the author suggests that the role of human resources is critical to the process
of industrialization and modernization in our country; the second part, the author
makes an overall assessment on the status of human resources in our country in
such aspects as: quantity, structure, intellectual resources, technical expertise on
this basis, the author offers orientation for the development of quality human
resources to meet the demands of industrialization and modernization including:
HRD associated with accelerating socio- economic development; human resources
development associated with democratization process, the social and cultural life,
effectively exploiting the value of traditional and modern culture; improve the
quality and efficiency of Scientific- Technological staff; formulation of human
strategy on that basis, develop quality human resources for industrialization and
modernization; the third part, clarifying the role of education as a determinant of
human development, quality HRD strategy for industrialization and modernization
in our country.
12
- Dr. Doan Van Khai (2005), Human Resources in the process of
industrialization and modernization in Vietnam, Political Theory Publisher, Hanoi.

Japan, America, the Asia - Pacific region in terms of policies, strategies, objectives
; assess the current status of human resources in our country in terms of size,
speed, quality of human resources and draws achievements, limitations, cause of the
limitations of HRD; proposes 4 solutions to Vietnam's human resources
development in the future: solution group to develop secondary education; solution
group for development of Colleges, University and Postgraduate; group improving
efficiency of using existing human resources; advanced solutions group to improve
health of Human resources.
- Dr. Mac Van Tien (2005), Social Security and HRD, Labor - Society
Publisher. The book is a collection of 100 articles in 10 years referring to a number
of content and different aspects of social security and human resources
development. The book is divided into 3 parts: the first part is a collection of
articles on social security; the second part is a collection of articles on social
insurance; the third part is a collection of articles on HRD. In the third part, there
are several articles for the researcher to refer to, inherit and develop in this research
process, such as a number of issues in the development of human resources in our
country; development of human resources and human resource development policy
of some countries; HRD and HRD policy in the period of industrialization and
modernization; the actual quality of human resources in Vietnam Of which, the
most remarkable article is: Role of HR in the Knowledge-based economy.
According to the author, humanity is standing on the threshold of a new
development of human society moving into the Knowledge-based economy, but for
Vietnam initially conducting modernization, it is necessary to take a short-cut and
wait in front otherwise we will be far left behind compared with other countries in the
world. This can only be done when we have proper investment strategies in HRD.
1.1.2. Scientific topics, Doctoral theses
- Vu Duy Du (Project manager) (2005), Evaluation of human resources in
Thua Thien Hue and research solutions for use and promotion, Topics in Science-
14
technology. In this research work, notably from the assessment criteria of Human

industrialization and modernization in Thanh Hoa province in 2010, Ph. D. Thesis
in Economics. The author focuses on clarifying the general issues of human
resources: the construction of the concept of manpower, human, human resources
and human resources development; outlines the basic characteristics of human
resources; analyzes 3 factor groups affecting HRD: group of natural factors, group
of socio-economic factors, group of elements related to political mechanism;
analyzes dialectical relationship between human resources development and
transformation of economic structure, of labor structure and for industrialization and
modernization; presents the experience of developing countries (Thailand,
Malaysia), the countries in the transition (India) and countries with advanced
industries (Japan) from which draws 7 lessons that can be applied to Vietnam in
general and to Thanh Hoa in particular. The thesis deeply assesses the state of
human resources development in Thanh Hoa province in 1996-2000. On this basis,
the author generally assesses the situation of the development of human resources
and achievements, the shortcomings and their causes, offers 4 viewpoints and
proposes 5 solution groups for HRD during the period of industrialization and
modernization in Thanh Hoa to 2010.
- Nguyen Dinh Luan (2003), Some solutions to HRD in the Mekong Delta
towards industrialization and modernization by 2010, Ph. D. Thesis in Economics.
The author presents the theoretical and practical issues of human resources
development from concept, position to the components of HR, HRD experience of
the countries. Particularly, with throughout approach, the author focuses on the
factors affecting the development of human resources towards industrialization and
modernization as a basis to analyze the situation of human resources and proposes
solutions to the human resources development in the Mekong Delta in Chapter 3.
Based on the theoretical framework, the author analyzes the current status of human
resources in the Mekong Delta in the direction of industrialization and
modernization in such aspects as: Actual condition of Education-Training in human
16
resources development; the Science - Technology situation in HRD; Socio-Cultural