DAI HOC QUOC
GIA
HA
NOI
TRUdNG
DAI HOC KHOA HOC
TlT NHIEN
^1^
^If
^i£
^tf
^If
^£
^Jf
*l^
^£
X^
TEN DE
TAI:
Nghien
ciiu moi
quan he
giCra
cac
dac
diem ngoc
hoc cua ruby, saphir va da
chira
mo Luc Yen,
True
Lau,

True
Lau, tinh Yen Bai
Ma so: QT-08-48
b.
Chu
tri
de tai:
Nguyen
Thi Minh Thuyet
c. Cac can bo tham gia:
d.
Muc tieu va noi dung nghien cuu:
Xac dinh thanh phan vat chat
ciia
da
chiia
corindon
vijng
nghien
cuii
Xac
lap
dac diem ngoc hoc cua ruby, saphir
viing
nghien
cuxi
Lam sang to moi quan he giua dac
di^m
ngoc hoc
ciia

hS
trg:
20.000.000d
- Kinh phi
duac
cap: 20.000.000d
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Noi dung
Thanh toan dich vu
cong
cpng
Hoi nghi
Cong tac
phi
Thue
muon
Chi phi nghiep vu
chuyen
mon
Tong
So
tien (d)
800.000
3.700.000

Defined the gemological characteristics of ruby and sapphire in An Phu and
True
Lau mines
Defined the relationships between gemological characteristics of ruby,
sapphires and ruby, sapphire bearing rocks in An Phu and
True
Lau mines.
4.
Results: Defined the relationships between composition of ruby, sapphire
bearing rocks and the gemological characteristics of ruby, sapphire in the study
eares.
MUC LUC
• •
TT Muc Trang
Md
DAU 7
CHirONG
1
CO SO LY THUYET VA
PHLTONG
PHAP NGHIEN
ClTU
1.1. Khai quat dac diem ruby, saphir 8
1.2.
Phuang
phap nghien cuu 10
1.2.1.
Phuong
phap
thirc dja

14
2.2.1.
Thanh phan boa hpc 14
2.1.2. Thanh phan thach hpc va to hop khoang vat cpng sinh dac 15
trung
CHU^ONG
3
DAC DIEM NGOC HOC CUA RUBY, SAPHIR
MO AN PHU VA TRUC LAU - LUC YEN
18
3.1.
Dac diem ngpc hpc cua ruby, saphir md An
Phii
- Luc Yen
18
3.1.1.
Thanh phan
hdahpc
18
3.1.2. Mau sac 19
3.1.3.
Tytrpng 19
3.1.4. Chiet
suat,
luang
chiet suat 19
3.1.5.
Tinh phat quang 19
3.1.6.
Dac diem ben trong 19

Dp tinh khilt
23
3.3.3.
Kichthuac
24
KET
LUAN
25
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 26
MO
DAU
Ruby, saphir - cac bien
loai
cua khoang vat corindon - la
loai
da quy cd gia
trj
vao hang cao nhat, chi sau kim
cuong.
Ruby, saphir Viet Nam
dupe
danh gia la
cd chat
lupug
cao cua the
giai.
Tren
lanh
tho Viet Nam, ruby, saphir cd hau het cac kieu nguon goc
nhung

NHIEM
VU CUA DE TAI
Thu
thap,
phan tich, tong hap tai lieu lien quan den doi
tupTig
va vung nghien
cuu.
Khao sat thue dia, thu thap mau.
Phan tich, xac dinh cac dac diem
ciia
ruby, saphir (thanh phan hda hpc, mau
s^c,
hinh thai, cau
true
tinh the, dac diem ben trong, ).
Phan tich, xac dinh dac diem thanh phan vat chat cua da goc (da chua ruby,
saphir).
Xac djnh moi quan he
giiJa
thanh phan vat chat
ciia
da chua vai dac
di6m
ngpc
cija
ruby, saphir vung nghien cuu.
CHU^ONG 1
CO
Sd LY

lac a
True
c
3
true
quay
O Oxy
•
Nhom
Hinh 1.1. Cau
true
tinh the ruby, saphir
Corindon tinh khiet chua 52,9% nhom,
47,1%
oxy, tuy nhien trong tu nhien,
chiing
thuang chua nhieu nguyen to khac, trong do pho bien nhat la Fe, Cr, Ti,
ngoai ra con cd V, Mg, Mn, Si, Ca, Na Do chua cac nguyen to mang mau nen
mau
sSc ciia
khoang vat nay rat phong
phii,
tir
mau do (do chua Cr)
d6n
xanh lam
(do chua Fe va Ti) den cac mau tim do, vang,
luc,
nau,
hong, da cam

Cam
Luc
Ddi
mau
Nau dam
-
Cr^"*",
saphir hong sang chua khoang 0,03%
Cr203,
hong xam
-
0,04%
- Thuang
bi
bien ddi sang mau hong
sac nau
(do
Fe"^"^)
hoac
anh
tim,
tim/lam
(do qua trinh chuyen dich dien tich
giiia
hoa tri
Fe^^
- 0 -
Ti'*'^)
- Qua trinh chuyen dich dien tich
giiia

trinh chuyen
djcb
dien tich giiia
boa tri
Fe^'^
- 0 -
Ti'"
Qua trinh chuyen
djch
dien tich giua
hoa tri
Fe^'^
- 0 -
Ti"*"
ciing
Cr^"
trong
phdi
tri 8 mat
-
Do
sir
dich chuyen
cua
cap
ion
Fe"^
-
Fe'^^
- Tarn

ciia
cap
Fe"""^
-
Fe"'^,
cpng
vdi su
djch chuyen
ciia
lap dien
tii
ben
trong
Fe"'^
-
Ti"''*
-^
Fe"""^
-
Ti"^
Su
di
chuyen tich
cua ion V
"^
trong phdi
tri
tarn
mat
trong

iai,
leucosaphir - khdng mau.
d
ruby va saphir hay gap hieu img sao do su phan xa anh sang tir cac bao the
hinh kim
nho
nam ben trong, cac sao
thuoTig
cd sau canh (Hinh 1.2, saphir sao).
Ngoai ra cung gap hieu ung mat meo va hieu ung doi mau. Day la cac hieu irng anh
sang lam tang ve dep va gia tri
ciia
ruby, saphir.
Hinh
1.2. Ruby (mau do), saphir mau (hong, vang,
tim),
saphir (lam), saphir sao
1.2. Phuang phap nghien
ciru
1.2.1. Phuang phap thue dia khao sat dja chat
Khao sat dac diem dia chat
ciia
cac diem md, quan sat the nam, quan he
giija
cac thanh tao chua ruby, saphir vdi cac da vay quanh, thu thap mau vat dia chat.
1.2.2. Cac phuang phap phan tich trong phong
1,2,2,1,
Cdcphirongphdp
phan
tich

tim
Xac dinh tinh phat quang cua ruby, saphir
d. Xac djnh ty trong
Xac dinh ty trong
ciia
ruby, saphir
e. Xac dinh dac diem ben trong
Xac dinh dac diem bao the, dp nirt ne,
ciia
ruby, saphir
m
cHironvG 2
DAC DIEM THANH PHAN VAT CHAT DA
CHlfA
RUBY,
SAPHIR
MO AN PHU VA TRUC
LAU -
LUC YEN
Da chua ruby, saphir
ciia
md An
Phii
la da hoa calcit. Da chua saphir
ciia
md
Tnic Lau la da gneis. Ca bai md deu thupc huyen Luc Yen, tinh Yen Bai, md An
Phu a ba trai song Chay va thupc dai cau tnic Song Chay , md Tnic Lau a ba phai
song Chay, thupc dai cau tnic Song Hong (Hinh 2.1).
PR

Dac
di^m
thanh phan vat chat da hoa mo An Phu
Da hoa chira ruby, saphir mau md An Phu cd dac diem
nhir
sau:
11
2.1.1.
Thanh phan hoa hoc
Tir ket qua phan tich thanh phan hda hpc (Bang 2.1)
ciia
da hoa chua ruby,
saphir mau mo An
Phii
c6 the thay: Si, Ti va dac biet la
Al
tang cao. Thanh phan Cr
tang trong khi Ga, V
Iai
thap ban ham luang trung binh.
Bang
2.1.
Thanh phan hoa hoc
ciia
da hoa
chira
ruby, saphir mau va spinel mo An Phu
(phan tich bang phuang phdp huynh quang
tia
X

0.49
0.17
0.17
0.18
MnO
(%)
0.005
0.008
0.022
0.009
MgO
(%)
0.77
1.80
10.41
1.35
CaO
(%)
51.80
51.05
42.72
52.26
NazO
(%)
0.04
0.13
0.06
0.09
K2O
(%)

trung binh cac nguyen to trong
d^
cacbonat
(Dia hoa
lioc,
Dang Trung
Thugn,
2005)
(),()()
O.SI
n ^4
{|.>4
(1
05
7»()
42.6
1
n.{)5
0.3.^^
i).()4
1 1
4
-"'"
Chu thich: I-
AP4;
2-
LYWI:
dd hoa calcit
chica
ruby, saphir mau; 3- LY120;

pyrit
12
Hinh 2.2 Da hoa calcit chua corindon
Hinh
2.4. Da hoa calcit chua corindon,
amphibon, phlogopit, pyrit
Hinh 2.3. Da hoa calcit chua corindon,
amphibon (Mau LY123)
Hinh 2.5. Da hoa calcit chua corindon,
amphibon, phlogopit, pyrit, graphit,
margarit (Mau
LYIOI)
Hinh 2.6a. Can bang Cor - Cc
M§u
LY121,
nicon: -; d = 1.2mm
Hinh 2.6b. Can bang Cor - Cc
Mau AP4, nicon: -; d = 1.2mm
13
Hinh 2.7.
THCS:
Cor + Amp + Cc
+
Phi
Mau
LYlOl,
nicon: +; d = L2mm
Hinh 2.8.
THCS:
Phi + Amp + An

True
Lau
2.2.1.
Thanh phan hoa hoc
Thanh
phSn
hda hpc da gneis viing nghien cim
dupe
trinh bay trong Bang 2.2.
14
Bang 2.2. So sanh thanh phan cac nguyen to hoa hoc cua gneis
True
Lau
vol
ham
luong
trung hinh cua chung trong da phien set
TT
1
2
3
4
TiOz
(%)
0.061
0.744
4.999
0.65
AI2O3
(%)

4.97
4.68
5.56
3.24
Si02
(%)
73.72
65.52
35.79
58.10
Cr
(ppm)
<5
<5
51
100
Ga
(ppm)
17
25
46
80
V
(ppm)
< 12
< 12
292
130
Chii
thich:

ciia
chung trong da tram tich (set va phien set) nhan thay gneis chira saphir Tnic
Lau tang cao ham luang cac nguyen to Al, Ti, Fe, Na,
K,
V nhung
Iai
giam cac nguyen
td
Mg, Ca, Cr va Ga. Dac diem nay anh
hudng
rat ro net trong thanh phan cua to hap
cpng sinh khoang vat ciing nhu dac diem
ciia
saphir.
2.2.2.
Thanh
ph§n
thach hoc va
t6
hap khoang vat cong sinh dac trung
Thanh
phSn
da gneis chira saphir a Tnic Lau gom chu yeu la feldspar (chiem 53
- 90%), trong do plagiocla
chilm
4 - 75%, K- feldspar chiem < 1 - 40%, biotit tir vai
phhn
tram
d8n
40% a loai gneis biotit. Silimanit cd mat a tat ca cac mau, tir vai

saphir + spinel
+
feldspar
K+
plagiocla
• Sillimanit
dangiangtm
+ granat + biotit + feldspar
K+
plagiocla.
75
Hinh
2,11.
Gneis chira saphir mo
True
Lau
Hinh 2.12. THCS:
Fel-K+CorfSil,
nicon -, d
=
0.6mm
Hinh 2.14. THCS:
Pla+CoH-Sil;
nicon -, d = 0.6mm
Hinh 2.16. THCS:
Pla+Cor+Spi+Bi;
nicon -, d
=
0.6mm
*^^/^

Hinh
2.13.
THCS:
Fel-K+CoH-Sil;
nicon
+,
d = 0.6mm
Hmh
2.15.
THCS:
Pla+CoH-Sil;
nicon +, d = 0.6mm
Hinh
2.17. THCS:
Grt+CorHFel-K+;
nicon-, d
=
0.6mm
16
Tir nhirng to hap khoang vat cpng sinh cho thay saphir md Tnic Lau cd
nguon goc bien chat tir da set giau Al, Fe, Ti nen saphir md Tnic Lau cd nhirng tinh
chat phan anh ro moi
trudug
hda hpc thanh tao (chi
tiSt
dupe khao sat trong chuang 3).
OAI
HOC QUOC GIA HA
NOi
TRUNG

trung binh la 1764ppm, va hau bet cac mau cd ham
luprng
>350ppm
(dii
de corindon
cd mau do); Ti thay doi rpng, tir 0
-
894ppm, trung binh la 369ppm; Fe tir 0 -
591ppm, trung binh la 251ppm; Mg tir 30 - 150, trung binh la 105ppm; V thay ddi
tir 10 - ban 109ppm, trung binh 75ppm; Ga hau bet <75ppm, trung binh la 67ppm,
dac trung cho loai bien chat; Ty so Cr203/Ga203>l, chu yeu >10. Ngoai ra, con
phat hien cac nguyen to tap chat nhu: Si, Na, K,
UMg
• Ga
U i
So
mSu
Hinh
3.1.
Ham
luong
cac nguyen to vet (ppm) trong corindon An Phu
3.1.2. Mau
s^c
Mau cua ruby, saphir
chii y8u
do nguyen td Cr, Fe, Ti gay nen. Ham luang cac
nguyen td gay mau trong ruby, saphir An Phu giam dan theo thir tu: Cr>Ti>Fe.
Trong dd, Cr thay ddi tir 157 - 2672ppm, trung binh la
1764ppm,

khong gap.
Hinh 3.2. Mau sac cua ruby, saphir mo An
Phii
- Luc Yen
3.1.3.
Ty trong
Ty trong
ciia
ruby, saphir mau An Phu dao dpng trong khoang 3,83 den 4,01,
trung binh thudrng la 3,94 - 3,99
3.1.4.
Chiet suat, luang chiet suat
Chilt
suat: 1,762 -
1,770,
luang
chik suk
- 0,008
3.1.5.
Tinh
phat quang
The hien ro, dac biet a nhirng vien mau dd dam, tat ca deu phat quang manh,
mau do duai tia
cue
tim song dai, yeu
hon
duai tia cue tim song ngan.
3.1.6. Dac diem ben trong
Bao the dac trung
ciia

nicon: -; d
=
0.3mm
Hinh 3.7. Bao the corindon tu hinh, song
tinh pha buy; nicon:
+;
d = 0.3mm
Hinh 3.9. Bao the nguyen sinh loai A
(Gaston
GiuUani
va nnk, 2003)
"^^
V.
Hinh
3.11.
Bao the long gia thu sinh loai B
(Gaston
Giuhani
va nnk, 2003)
Hinh 3.4. Bao the phlogopit,
spuiel,
plagiocla; nicon:
+;
d = 0.3mm
Hinh 3.6. Bao the apatit
Hinh 3.8. Bao the rutil; d = 0.3mm
Hinh 3.10. Bao the nguyen sinh loai A
(Gaston Giuliani va nnk, 2003)
Hinh 3.12. Bao the thu sinh thue su loai C
(Gaston Giuliani va nnk, 2003)

7653ppm,
hkxx
hk
Ion hem
3000ppm; Ti thay ddi 1dm, cd mau khdng phat hien dupe
nhung cung cd
mlu
len
din
bom lOOOppm, trung binh la
118ppm;
Cr tir 0 -
582ppm, chu yeu nhd ban 150ppm (ham luang
dii dk
cho corindon cd mau hdng),
trung binh la 109ppm; Ga
biln
thien vk rpng (10 - 250ppm), trung binh la 96ppm;
V tir 8 - 50ppm (trung binh la 20ppm). Ty
s6 Cr203/Ga203
chu
yh
nhd ban 3.
Ngoai ra, con phat hien cac nguyen to tap chat nhu: Si, Na, K,
p
1
5
E
s
j

den
13844,
trung binh
la 7653ppm,
hlu
hk 1dm ban
SOOOppm;
Ti thay doi 1dm, cd mau khong phat hien
nhung ciing cd mlu len
din
ban lOOOppm. trung binh la
llSppm;
Cr tir 0 -
582ppm, chu
y6u
nhd hon 150ppm (ham luang du de cho corindon cd mau hdng).
21
Saphir va saphir mau md Tnic Lau cd mau lam
toi,
xam trang, trang
due,
xam
phdrt
vang, trang
due loang
16 (Hinh 3.2), vdi cuong dp
rit
xin. Loai corindon mau do
trong da goc hau nhu rat hiem khi gap, chi gap mot vai vien mau hong nhat cd kich
thuac rat nho, bdi ham

diSm
ben trong
Saphir chua
nhi6u
bao the ran, sam mau nhu biotit, ilmenit, manhetit, zircon
(phan anh moi trudmg kk tinh giau Fe, Ti) va bao the
thii
sinh nhu clorit, cac pha
buy sau qua
trinh
kk tinh (song tinh, nirt ne).
Dp trong su6t
ciia
saphir bi anh hudrng do cac ti vet ben trong nhu bao the,
khe nirt. Nhin chung saphir
True
Lau cd dp trong suot trung binh den kern do chira
s6
lupmg
1dm
bao
thi
cd kich thudc 1dm, sam mau nhu da ke tren va
sir
phat trien cua
he
thdng
song tinh pha huy,
sir niit
ne. Cac hat cd kich thuac 1dm thuang md

=
0.1mm
Huih
4.17.
Bao
the
zircon;
d =
0.1mm
Hinh 4.18.
Bao
the
ilmenit,
clorit;
hien
tuong nut
ne
phat
trien;
d
=
0.1mm
3.3.
Moi quan he
giu
thanh phan da chua va chat
luung
ngoc cua ruby, saphir
vung nghien
ciru

Lau cd cac mau xanh xam, lam xam, lam phot vang vdi
cuang dp
rit
xin. Ruby, saphir mau An Phu cd mau dd, tia, hong vai cudmg dp tir
xin
din rit
tuai. Nhu vay, xet theo tieu chi mau sac thi ruby, saphir mau An
Phii
cd
chit lugng
cao con saphir True Lau cd
chit
lupmg mau
sic rit
thip.
3.3.2.
Dp tinh khiet
Dp tinh
khilt
qnyk djnh dp ben. dep cua corindon va phu thupc vao thanh
phin,
s6
lupmg bao
Xhk
cac nirt ne, pha huy sau qua trinh thanh tao
ciia
khoang vat
da quy.
23
Dp tinh khiet cua saphir Tnic Lau rat thap do chua nhieu bao the sam mau

Phii
c6 chat lupmg ngpc cao, saphir md Tnic Lau cd chat lupmg ngpc rat
thap.
24
KET LUAN
Tir nhirng ket qua nghien cuu tren cd the di den mot so ket luan sau:
1.
Da hoa canxit chua ruby, saphir md An
Phii
- Luc Yen thupc loai cao Al, Cr,
thap Fe. Da gneis chua saphir mo Tnic Lau thupc loai cao Al, Ti, Fe, thap
Cr.
2.
Ruby, saphir md An Phu cd dac diem ngpc tuomg img vai thanh phan cua da
chiia la
cd mau do tuai, do tia, hong, phat quang duai tia
cue
tim sdng ngan
va song dai, chiia cac bao the dac trung Canxit, phlogopit, graphit, pyrit.
Saphir mo Tnic Lau cd dac diem ngpc tuomg ung vai da chua la cd mau lam
toi,
xam trang, trang
due,
xam phdrt vang, hong nhat, trang due loang
Id,
hau
het deu tra duai tia cue tim sdng ngan va sdng dai, chira bao the dac trung
biotit, ilmenit, manhetit.
25
LIEU THAM KHAO

Nguy Tuyet Nhung va nnk (2007), Bao cao tong ket de tai trpng diem cap Dai
hpc Quoc gia Ha Noi: Nghien cuu xac lap mot so loai hinh mo da quy c6 trien
vong cong nghiep o Viet Nam.
6. Dang Trung Thuan (2005), Dia hoa
hoc,
Nha
xult
ban Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Noi.
7.
Nguyin
Thi Minh
Thuygt
va nnk (2007),
"Digu
kien nhiet dp - ap suat thanh tao
da hoa chira da quy viing md Luc Yen". Tap chi Cdc khoa hoc ve Trai
Ddt,
So 3,
pg254-260.
8.
NguySn
Thi Minh
Thuyk
va nnk (2007), bao cao tdng kk de tai DHQG, ma so
QT.07.40 "Nghien
ciiu
dac
di^m
thach luan da chira corindon hai viing md True
Lau va Luc Yen".