BO
CONG THUONG
CONG TY CO PHAN BONG MIEN BAC
BAO CAO TONG KET
Be
tai:
"NGHIEN
Ctru
ANH
HU6NG
CUA MAT
DO
VA MOT SO BIEN
PHAP CANH TAG DEN NANG SUAT VA CHAT LUONG
XO
BONG TAI DIEN BIEN"
Thuc hien theo Hop ddng
sd
117.09
RD/HD-KHCN
ky
ngay
04
thang 03 ndm 2009 giira Bd Cdng thuang
va
Cdng
ty
Cd phan Bdng Mien Bac
Ca quan chu
tri:
Cong

Thuyet minh chung ve de tai 1
II.
Tinh hinh thuc hien de tai nam 2007 2
B.
Bao cao ket qua nghien
ciiu
nam 2009 3
Phdn 1.
Mddau
3
1.1. Tinh cap thiet cua de tai 3
1.2. Muc tieu nghien cuu cua de tai 4
1.2.1
.Muc
tieu kinh te - xa hdi 4
1.2.2.
Muc tieu khoa hgc cdng nghe 4
1.3. Thdi gian va dia diem nghien
ciiu
4
Phan 2. tdng quan tai lieu 5
2.1.
Mot sd nghien
ciiu
ve thdi vu 5
2.2.
Nghien cim ve mat do 5
2.3.
Nghien cim bien phap bdn phan cho cay bdng 7
r

Mot sd yeu td khi tugng chinh trong thdi gian nghien
ciiu 16
4.2.
Thuc trang sir dung ddt dai d Dien Bien
17
4.3.
Kit
qua nghien ciru thi nghiem
1.
Nghien
ciiu
anh hudng cua mat do
trdng tren cac
nin
phan bdn khac nhau den sinh trudng phat trien,
miic
do
nhiem sau benh
hai,
nang xuat bdng hat va chat lugng bdng xo tren gidng
bdng
VNOl-2
tai Dien Bien
18
4.3.1.
Anh hudng
miic
phan bdn va mat do gieo trdng khac nhau
din
sinh trudng va phat trien cua gidng bdng

mat do gieo trdng khac nhau tren gidng bdng
VNO
1-2 tai Dien Bien 27
4.4.
Ket qua nghien
ciiu
thi nghiem
2.
Nghien
ciiu
anh hudng cua su tac
A
F F
•>
F F
dong ddng thdi yeu td mat
do
va
2
thdi diem bam nggn ket hgp tia canh
due
den sinh trudng phat
trien,
miic
do nhiem sau benh
hai,
nang suat bdng hat
va chat lugng bdng xo tren gidng bdng
VNOl-2
tai Dien Bien 28

nggn, tia canh
due
tren giong bdng
VNO
1-2 tai Dien Bien
4.4.5.
Nang suit va chit lugng xo bdng cua giong
VNOl-2
d cac mat
do gieo trong ket hgp 2 thdi dilm bim nggn 35
4.5.
So sanh hieu qua kinh te cua giong bdng
VNOl-2
trong md hinh
tham canh nang suit cao vdi san xuat dai tra tai Dien Bien 37
4.6.
De xuit quy trinh ky thuat trdng bdng nang suat cao, chat lugng
xo dam bao tren co sd ap dung mot sd bien phap ky thuat da nghien
ciiu
tai Dien Bien 39
•\ F y
Phan 5. Ket luan va de nghi 42
5.1.
Kit
luan 42
5.2
Dl
nghi 43
Phan 6. Tai lieu tham khao 44
I. Tai lieu tieng Viet 44

quan chu tri: Cdng ty Cd phan Bdng mien Bac
Dia chi: So 6 Nguyln Cdng Tni - Ha Ndi Dien thoai:
04.39722132
6. Co quan phoi hop chinh:
7. Danh sach nhirng
ngu-di thyc
hien:
Stt Ho va ten
1-
Nguyen nggc Duong
2-
Nguyen Dinh Chien
3-
Phan Qudc hien
4-
Dang Van Duong
Hoc ham, hoc vj chuyen mon
Ky su Ndng hgc
Ky su Ndng nghiep
Ky su Ndng hgc
Ky thuat vien
10.
Muc tieu nghien
ciru
cua de tai:
- Tiep tuc trien khai mot sd thi nghiem cua nam trudc va dua vao nghien cim mot
sd bien phap canh tac mdi.
F F
- Hoan thien quy trinh ky thuat canh tac bdng cho nang suat va chat lugng xo
cao,

Dien Bien thi bdng trdng mat do 5,6 van cay/ha (tuong duong vdi khoang
each
60cm x 30 cm/cay); huyen Dien Bien Ddng trdng vdi mat do 5,1 van
cay/ha (tuong duong vdi khoang
each
70cm x 30 cm/cay) cho nang suat va
F F
hieu qua kinh te cao nhat.
2.
Ddi vdi nhimg vimg cd kha nang tham canh tai huyen Dien Bien
mat do gieo trdng thich hgp la 5,6 van cay/ha, bdn
Igng
phan 150kg N +
75kg P205 + 75kg K20. d huyen Dien Bien Ddng la 5,1 van cay/ha, lugng
phan bdn 120kg N + 60 kg P205 + 60 kg K20. Khi ap dung cac bien phap
ky thuat tdng hgp, rieng d Dien Bien Ddng can bdn tang lugng phan len
150kg N + 75kg P205 + 75kg K20, xir ly chit dieu hoa sinh trudng PIX 2
\
F
' '
lan/vu
vdi lugng 150ml/ha, ket hgp tia canh
due
va la gdc cho nang suat va
F F
hieu qua kinh te cao nhat.
3.
Thudc trir cd Danaxone 20SL cd tac dung diet trir cd nhanh, cd the
sir dung dl giai quyet vin dk, cham thdi vu, nhung chi lam chet phan than
tren mat dat nen cd mgc trd lai rit nhanh. Hai loai thudc: Dibphosate 480 DD

MOfDAU
1.1. Tinh cap thiet cua de tai
Nhu cau sir dung nguyen lieu bdng trong
nude
ngay cang nhieu trong
F
khi nganh san xuat bdng
nude
ta trong vai nam trd lai day chi dap img dugc
dudi
10%
nhu cau. Nha
nude
ta ludn cd chinh sach uu tien sir dung nguyen
^
F F F F
lieu ndi
dia
nham dam bao su chu ddng trong san xuat, che bien va tiet kiem
ngoai te. Cac
dia
ban trdng bdng d phia Bac ciing la mot trong nhiing viing
F
\
cung cap nguyen lieu tiem nang cho cdng nghiep Det - May trong
nude.
Thuc tien san xuat cay bdng vai trong nhiing nam qua da cho thay, Dien
Bien dang dan trd thanh viing cd nhieu tiem nang cho md rgng quy md san xuat
bdng. Tai day, ndng dan trdng bdng da va dang manh dan dau tu cho san xuat va
trdng bdng theo hudng san xuat hang hoa, thay the dan tap quan san xuat tu cung

can phai tiep tuc thuc
hien mot
each
linh boat cac chinh sach dau tu khuyen khich san xuat tdi ndng
4
dan trdng bdng, ddng thdi phai nhanh chdng cai thien nang suat bdng hat, chat
7
F
y
lugng bdng xo de nang cao hieu qua kinh te cho ndng dan trdng bdng va
Igi
nhuan cua doanh nghiep san xuat, che bien san pham tir cay bdng.
Cd nhieu yeu td anh hudng den nang suat bdng hat va chat lugng xo
F F F
bdng. Ngoai yeu td gidng, cac bien phap ky thuat tac ddng ciing cd vai trd
quan trgng trong nang cao nang suat bdng hat va chat lugng bdng xo.
F \ \ \
Van de dat ra la can phai cd mot quy trinh ky thuat trdng bdng dat
nang suat cao, chat lugng bdng xo dam bao nhung
phii
hgp vdi dieu kien
canh tac tren dat ddi
niii,
hoan toan phu thudc
nude
trdi va tap quan canh tac
khac nhau cua cac dan tdc tai Dien Bien. Dieu nay da dugc de cap trong de
F F
tai Nghien
ciiu

L2.2. Muc tieu khoa
hgc
cdng nghe
- Xac dinh dugc mat do gieo trdng, lugng phan bdn, thdi diem bam
F
y
nggn hgp ly nhat khi tac ddng ddng thdi cac bien phap nay.
0
1
y
F
- Bd sung de hoan thien quy trinh ky thuat trdng bdng nang suat cao
cho vung Dien Bien.
1.3. Thoi gian va dja diem nghien
cu-u
- Thdi gian: tir thang
1
nam 2009
din
thang 12 nam 2009.
- Dia dilm: tai 3 xa Mudng Luan, Chieng So, Luan Gidi cua huyen
Dien Bien Ddng va xa
Niia
Ngam
ciia
huyen Dien Bien.
PHAN 2
TONG QUAN
TAI
LIEU

ciiu
cua Choi B.H
(1973)[13]
tai viing Phan Rang, thdi
vu gieo bdng tdi thich thudng la giiia thdng 8 dau thang 9,
tiic
khoang 2-3 tuan
trudc khi mua mua bat dau. Neu gieo vao thang 6, thang 7, thdi ky thu hoach
se roi vao
miia
mua, neu gieo vao thang 10 cay bdng con cd the
bi
thiet hai
boi mua
Idn
va
ling
ngap, cay sinh trudng cdi cgc, rung dai, muc qua.
Nghien
ciiu
gan day nhat
ciia
tac gia Phan Qudc Hien (2005)[10] cho
thiy, thdi vu trdng bdng tai cac tinh phia Bac ndi chung dao ddng trong
F
^^
F F
khoang tir 5/5 den 5/6, rieng viing nui Tay Bac nen gieo bdng tir 5/5 den
25/5.
Cdn tac gia Dinh Quang Tuyen va ctv (2006)[4] nghien

trdng la mot bien phap ky thuat cd y nghia rat
Idn
tdi nang suat, nhat la khi
tien bd ky thuat mdi cua nganh bdng cho phep tang mat do ket hgp vdi viec
tang lugng phan bdn, phun PIX va cac bien phap canh tac hgp ly la co sd
7 F
quan trgng day nang suat bdng len cao.
Tren the gidi, mat do gieo trdng cho bdng thay ddi rat
Idn,
phu thudc
vao dac diem cua gidng, dieu kien sinh thai va che do tham canh cua mdi
vimg. Mat do gieo trdng cho nang suat bdng cao nhat tai viing Tandojam la
6,17
cay/m^,
tai Bang Mississippi la
10
cay/m^
(Williford
J.R.)[37];
tai mien
F 'y
Nam - Trung Qudc la 8 cay/m (Chu
Hiiu
Huy va ctv,
1991)[1].
Mat do cay cdn anh hudng tdi su phan bd qua tren cay. Theo Heitholt
J.J. (1997)[15], su gia tang mat do tir 3 tdi 15
cay/m^
da lam tang ty le qua
thudc

vdi chi sd dien tich la tdi da
F
F > >
la 4,12. Khdi lugng qua va sd qua/cay giam dan theo chieu tang mat
dd[3].
Ciing theo Duong Xuan Dieu (2003) cho biet ket qua thuc nghiem ngoai san
xuit da khdng dinh diing dan cua cac ket qua nghien
ciiu
thu dugc. Mat do
gieo trdng cang tang thi nang suat ciing tang theo (trong pham vi 3,60 den
7,65 van
cay/ha)[3].
Trdng gidng bdng lai
LI8,
vdi khoang
each
nhu nhau (40 cm x 1 cay),
khoang
each
hang cang
hep (hay mat do
trdng cang day)
dan den ty le qua
thudc canh
due
cang giam,
ty
le
qua
thudc canh

xiing
vdi viec tang mat do, nhat la khi gieo trdng vdi mat do
cao hon
niia.
2.3.
Nghien cu-u bien phap bon phan cho cay bong
F
Nghien
ciiu
cua Vii Xuan Long cho thay
mire
phan bdn cang cao ty le
thanh qua cang tang. Bdn phan vdi
miic
240 kg N + 80 kg
P2O5
+ 80 kg
K20/ha
cho sinh trudng chieu cao cay, sd lugng hoa qua tren cay, khdi lugng
qua va nang suat bdng cao nhat
[11].
\
F
Lieu lugng phan bdn cang tang thi thdi gian sinh trudng tir gieo den tan
\
F F
'\
F F
thu cd xu hudng dai hon. Ddng thdi sd qua/cay, sd qua/m , nang suat ly thuyet
tang. Tuy nhien, hieu qua kinh te dat cao nhat d lieu lugng phan bdn 90 kg N +

F
F
do nd anh hudng den tinh hinh sinh trudng va nang suat cua cay bdng. Bam
nggn qua sdm hay qua mugn deu gay ra hieu qua xau. Vi neu bam nggn qua
F
•}
F
sdm, sd lugng canh qua it va canh nach lai phat trien manh. Cdn bam nggn
F F
mugn qua thi khdng cd tac dung tang nang suat ma sd canh qua vd hieu lai
tang do nu hoa rung nhieu.
Vien Khao
ciiu
Ndng Lam da tdng ket, nhiing noi bam nggn sdm, chi
de lai tren cay 5-6 canh qua dan den nang suat khdng cao. Nhiing noi bam
nggn qua mugn, de nhieu canh qua nen cay khdng
dii siic
nudi, ddng thdi qua
phia tren thudng
bi
rung cdn nhiing qua phia dudi nhd va khd nd. Tdm lai,
bam nggn sdm qua hay mudn qua deu cd hai cho nang suat bdng
[12].
Nhirng nghien
ciiu
cua Hoang
Diic
Phuong cho thay, nhd bam nggn
tia canh ma ty le rung dai giam, nang suat tang hon ddi chimg khdng bam tir
5 -

qua nghien
ciiu
cua Choi, B.H. vl thdi ky ngat nggn cho cay bdng
gidng CAMD-2-2 cho thiy, viec
ngdt
nggn sdm qua (40 ngay sau gieo) se
lam giam nang suit bdng.
Ngdt
nggn vao giai doan 60 ngay (tuong
ling
vdi
14 canh qua/cay) cd tac dung lam tang nang suat bdng 16,69%) so vdi ddi
chiing. Trai lai, viec ngat nggn mudn vao giai doan 70 ngay sau gieo (tuong
10
ung vdi 16 canh qua/cay) chi lam tang nang suat 8,36%) so vdi khdng ngat
[13].
Tdm lai, cac nghien
ciiu
tren day deu cho thay viec tac ddng cac bien
phap ky thuat trong canh tac bdng cd anh hudng nhieu den qua trinh sinh
trudng, phat trien va kha nang cho nang suat bdng hat, chat lugng xo
ciia
cay
bdng. Mdi viing deu cd dieu kien dat dai, khi hau va tap quan canh tac dac
F y t
trung nen rat can cd nhiing nghien
ciiu ling
dung de xac dinh bien phap ky
thuat tac ddng phu hgp nhat, de ap dung nhat cho ndng dan ddng thdi mang
lai hieu qua kinh te cao nhat. Day ciing chinh la muc tieu

K2O
F
y
F F
- Thudc trir ray, rep: Patox 95SP, Actara 25WG: La thudc tiep
xiic
ndi
hap manh, hien dang dugc khuyen cao phdng trir
ray,
rep tren cay bdng.
F F F
- Thudc trir benh: Anvil 5 SC: Thudc loai thudc dac tri nam gay benh
tren cay trdng, hien dang dugc khuyen cao dimg tri benh mdc suong, ddm
chay la tren cay bdng.
F F
fv
- Thudc trir cd Ly phoxim
41
SL: La loai thudc luu dan, nhdm hau
nay mam, dung de phun rugng cd cd mgc.
3.2.
Noi dung nghien
ciru
3.2.1.
.•
Nghien
ciiu
anh hudng cua mat do trdng tren cac nen phan bdn
khac nhau
din

Phuang phdp
ke thira
12
F F F 7
Ke thira cd chgn lgc mot sd ket qua nghien
ciiu
trudc day de lam co sd
thiet ke cac cdng thiic thi nghiem va ddi chieu, phan tich ket qua
ciia
de tai.
>
F
3.3.2.
Phuomgphdp
dieu tra thong ke
Thu thap cac sd lieu thdng ke ve dieu kien thdi tiet khi hau, sir dung dit
dai va hieu qua kinh te cua mot sd loai cay trdng trong viing thuc hien dl tai.
3.3.3. Phuang phdp thi nghiem dong ruong
a. Phuong phdp bo tri thi nshiem:
Cac thi nghiem trong de tai dugc thiet ke theo kieu khdi diy ngau nhien
day
dii
(RCBD), 3 lan nhac lai. Dien tich mdi d la
lOOm^.
b. Cdc thi nghiem cua de tdi:
* Thi nghiem 1: Nghien cuu dnh huang cua mat do trong tren cdc nen
phdn bon khdc nhau den sinh truang phdt trien, muc do nhiem sdu benh hai,
r
F F
ndng xudt bong hat vd chdt luang bong xa tren giong bong

cay/ha;
tuong
ling
vdi khoang
each
gieo 80 x
30 cm/cay.
+
Mi:
5,5 van cay/ha; tuong
ling
vdi khoang each gieo 60 x
30cm/cay.
+
M2:
4,7 van cay/ha; tuong
ling
vdi khoang
each
gieo 70 x
30cm/cay.
13
Cac cdng thirc thi nghiem dugc tdng hgp trong bang sau
Mat do
Mo
Ml
M2
Miic
phan bdn
Po

M2 Pi
* Thi nghiem 2: Nghien cuu dnh huang cua su tdc dong dong thai yeu
f -J
F F F
to mat do vd 2 thai diem bam ngon kit
hgp
tia canh
due
den sinh truang
phdt triin, muc do nhiim sdu binh hai, ndng sudt bong hat vd chdt luang
bong xa tren gidng bdng
VNO
1-2 tai Dien Bien
- Cac
miic
mat do:
+
Mo
(d/c):
4,2 van cay/ha
(
khoang each gieo 80 x
30cm/cay).
+
Mi:
5,5 van cay/ha (khoang
each
gieo 60 x
30cm/cay).
+

canh qua
+
T2:
bam nggn
khi
cay bdng cd 12 canh qua
14
+Tia canh
due
khi cay bdng dugc 35 ngay tudi.
Cac cdng thirc thi nghiem dugc tdng hgp d bang sau:
Bam
nggn
Tl
T2
Cac
miic
mat do
Mo
MoTi
M0T2
Ml
M,T,
M1T2
M2
M2T1
M2T2
M3
M3T1
M3T2

*
Mo
hinh
thdm canh
tdng
ndng
sudt
tai Dien Bien tren giong VNOl-2
-
Dia
dilm: Dien Bien Ddng - Dien Bien
- Dien tich md hinh:
1,0ha
- Quy trinh ky thuat
+ Chgn dat va lam dat:
• Dit ddi cd do ddc
10*^
trd xuong, thoat nude tot, ting canh tac day
tren 30cm, mau xam den.
• Phat va dot sach tan du cay trdng vu trudc vao dau thang
3/2009. Phun thuoc trir cd ly phoxim 41 SL vdi lugng 3,0 lit thudc/ha trudc
khi lam dit 7-10 ngay. Sau khi cd
chit
tiln hanh cay xdi xao cho toi dat, don
sach tan du cay cd de tung dong roi dot.
15
+ Thdi vu va thdi diem gieo
• Thdi vu gieo bdng cho vimg Dien Bien la tir 20/4
din
30/5. Thdi

• Khi cay bdng khoang 25-30 ngay sau gieo tien hanh kiem tra,
hdc nao cd 2 cay thi nhd bd, chi de mdi hdc 1 cay.
• Lam cd, xdi xao :
>
F
^
F
'^'Lan
1: sau gieo 25 - 30 ngay. Tien hanh lam cd, xdi xao ket
hgp bdn phan thiic lan
1.
^Ldn
2: sau gieo 40 - 45 ngay. Lam cd, xdi xao ket hgp bdn
phan thiic lan 2
• Danh canh
due:
Khi cay bdng mgc dugc 35-40 ngay tiln
hanh danh toan bg canh
due
bdng tay mot
each
triet de.
• Bdn phan:
64N+36P2O5+2OK2O
tuong img vdi lugng phan
360kg
NPK(5:10:3)
+ 100kg Ure + 20kg
Kalicloma/ha
16

- TGST 4 (ngay): Thdi gian sinh trudng tir gieo den tan thu.
- Chieu cao cay 3 (cm): Chieu cao cay do d thdi diem 50% sd cay cd
qua d
vi
tri dau tien cua canh qua
thii
nhat nd.
- Chilu cao cay 4 (cm): Chieu cao cay tai thdi diem tan thu.
- Chilu dai canh qua dai nhit (cm): Do tai thdi diem 50% sd cay cd
qua d
vi
tri dau tien cua canh qua
thii
nhat nd.
- Sd canh
qua/cay,
sd canh duc/cay.
- Rep: Sau gieo 60 ngay tiln hanh dilu tra mat do rep. Dieu tra
con/1001a
+ Danh gid cdp rip hai dua tren tiiu chudn cua nganh bdng Viet Nam
• Cap 0 : Cay khdng
bi
hai
• cip 1:1-2 con/la (hoac
10-20 %>
cay
bi
rep d
mire
nhe, la

bi
cong va chuyen mau vang
• Cap 4 : Toan bd la
bi
cong, vang va chdm chay.
F
>
7
• Cap 5 : La
bi
cong nhieu va chuyen mau vang dd
F F F y
- Ben ddm chay la va benh mdc suong tien hanh dieu tra khi cay bdng
dugc 90 ngay tudi
+ Cdp binh
dugc
ddnh gid dua tren tieu chudn
ciia
ngdnh bdng
Viet
Nam
•Ty le benh (TLB), chi sd benh (CSB) ddm chay la (%)
• Ty le benh (TLB), chi so benh (CSB) moc suong (%)
TLB{%) -
—
X 100(%)
;
C55(%)
=
^ ^""

1-5%) dien tich la
hi
benh
• cip 2:
>5-15%
dien tich la
bi
benh, hoac <5% dien tich la
bi
benh va 5%) sd qua thdi do benh.
• cip 3:
>15-30%
dien tich la
bi
benh, hoac 5-15% dien tich la
bi
benh va
10%)
sd qua thdi do benh.
18
• cip 4: >30-50% dien tich la
bi
benh, hoac 15 -30% dien tich
la bi benh va
15%)
sd qua thdi do benh.
• cip 5: >50%) dien tich la
bi
benh, hoac 30-50% dien tich la
bi

theo ddi trong cac cdng thiic. De lam co sd cho viec phan tich, danh gia cac
ket qua nghien
ciiu
cua de tai, chimg tdi tiln hanh thu thap sd lieu cua mot sd
yeu td khi tugng chinh trong khoang thdi gian triln khai cac thi nghiem.
Kit
qua dugc trinh bay d bang
1.
Bdng 1. Mot so yeu td khi
tu-tfng
tii-
thang 4-11 nam 2009 tai Dien Bien
Thang
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Nhiet do
(°C)
23,6
25,9
26,4
26,4
26,2
25,8
24,6

80
78
Ngudn:
Tram thuy
van tinh Dien Bien
So lieu bang 1 va dd thi
1
cho thay:
20
- Nhiet do trung binh trong thang tir thang 4-10 nam 2009 tai Dien Bien
bien ddng tir 19,5 - 26,4 C. So vdi nen nhiet do hang nam thi khdng cd su khdc
biet nhieu va do vay cay bdng trong thi nghiem sinh trudng phat triln bmh
thudng.
- Lugng mua: So vdi cac vimg trong bdng khac,
miia
mua d Dien Bien
sdm hon gan 1 thang vdi thdi dilm bdt dau la thang 4 (lugng mua da dat
187
mm).
Lugng mua trong cac thang tir thang 5
din
thang 9
dIu
dat tren
100
mm,
day la thdi diem cay bdng dang sinh trudng phat triln manh va ra hoa qua.
Thang
10
lugng mua chi dat 88 mm va cd 6 ngay mua.

T9
TIG Til
Nhu vay, nen nhiet do va lugng mua d Dien Bien nam 2009 rat thuan
Igi
cho cay bdng trong thi nghiem sinh trudng phat trien. Tuy nhien, am do khdng
21