ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - HỌC KÌ II
I. Cách sử dụng đại từ quan hệ và trạng từ quan hệ
1. Đại từ quan hệ: who, whom, whose, which, that.
• Who: được dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người và làm chủ ngữ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
(…… N + who + V)
The man who is standing over there is my father.
N who V
• Whom: được dùng thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ người và làm tân ngữ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
(……N + whom + S + V)
The man whom you met yesterday is my brother.
N whom S V
• Whose: là đại từ quan hệ sở hữu, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc danh từ chỉ vật (thay cho: his, her,
its, their, Tom’s…)
The house whose windows are broken is mine.
N whose N V1 V2
+ Riêng danh từ chỉ vật có thể thay thế bằng the + N + of which
Example: The house the window of which are broken is mine
• Which: được dùng làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ đồ vật, con vật hoặc sự việc.
Example: This is the book which I like best.
• That: được dùng thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc chỉ vật, hoặc chủ ngữ gồm cả người và vật, sau
những đại từ không xác định, hoặc sau dạng so sánh nhất…
Example: - That is the bicycle that/ which belongs to Tom.
- The architect who/ that designed this building is very famous.
2. Trạng từ quan hệ: why, where, when.
• Why: mở đầu cho một mệnh đề quan hệ để chỉ nguyên nhân, lí do.(có thể thay thế bằng That)
I don’t know the reason why/ that you didn’t go to school yesterday.
• Where (=on, in, at which) mở đầu cho một mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ địa điểm nơi chốn.
The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
= The hotel in which we stayed wasn’t very clean.
• When (=on/ in/ at which) mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ thời gian. (có thể thay thế bằng That)
I will never forget the day when/ that I first met my husband

• Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định WHICH có thể được dùng để thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước
nó
• Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, các cụm từ chỉ số lượng: all of/ most of/ neither of/ many of… có
thể được dùng với WHOM, WHICH và WHOSE
Mary has three brothers, all of whom are married.
IV. Dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ:
1. Cụm phân từ
a) Hiện tại phân từ (V_ing ): được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ chia ở các thì hiện tại đơn, hiện
tại tiếp diễn, quá khứ đơn, quá khứ tiếp diễn, hoặc khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ diễn tả mong muốn,
hi vọng, mong đợi
That man, who is sitting next to Mary, is my uncle.
That man, sitting next to Mary, is my uncle
b) Quá khứ phân từ (VPP): quá khứ phân từ đựơc dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng bị động.
The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
The boy injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
2. Động từ nguyên mẫu (To infinitive): được dùng sau The first, the second,…, the last, the only, động từ
khuyết thiếu, hoặc sau cấp so sánh cao nhất.
The captain was the last person who left the ship.
The captain was the last person to leave the ship.
Here is a form that you must fill in.
Here is a form for you to fill in.
* khi đại từ quan hệ who(m), which, that đứng làm tân ngữ hoặc bổ ngữ thì ta có thể lựơc bỏ đại từ quan hệ
The man who(m) you met yesterday is my friend.
The man you met yesterday is my friend.
V. Câu nhấn mạnh (Cleft sentences)
1. Câu nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ (subject focus)
It is/ was + S + that/ who + V…: Chính ai đó làm gì….
The boy visited his uncle last month.
It was the boy that/ who visited his uncle last month
2. Câu nhấn mạnh tân ngữ (Object focus)

• Be chia theo thì của V1
• Khi V2 xảy ra đồng thời hoặc xảy ra sau V1 thì ta dùng cấu trúc 2a
• Khi V2 xảy ra trước V1 ta dùng cấu trúc 2b
They say that many people are homeless after the flood.
It is said that many people are homeless after the flood.
Many people are said to be homeless after the flood.
EXERCISES
1. It was the boy ______ broke the window.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
2. The new camera ______ I bought on the internet last week is broken.
A. whom B. which C. for which D. at which.
3. We met Mary’s father, ________.
A. who teaches us English B. whom teaches us English
C. whose teaches us English D. that teaches us English.
4. Peter is the one ______ we miss most.
A. who B. which C. whose D. that
5. The teacher _____ is very kind to everyone.
A. to whom I talked yesterday B. who I talked yesterday.
C. to that I talked yesterday D. that I talked yesterday
6. Has she bought the dress ?
A. that she is fond in B. which she is fond of C. who she wants to give to D. which you made of
7. English is the subject which she is good
A. at B. of C. about D. in
8. Has she got the job ?
A. which she applied to B. which she applied about C. which she applied for D. which she applied on
9. That is the woman
A. who daughter I fall in love to B. whose daughter I fall in love for
C. whose daughter I fall in love with D. to whose daughter I fall in love
10. The restaurant overlooks a beautiful lake.
A. we often go to which B. which we often go to C. where we often go there D. which

26. The man she respects is her teacher.
A. whom B. whose C. which D. who
27. Our house, was destroyed in the storm, is now being rebuilt.
A. whom B. whose C. which D. who
28. I like the car
A. which imported from Japan B. he is driving C. which have air conditioner D. which he is driving it
29. The ring is made of gold and diamond.
A. she is wearing it B. he gave it to her C. she is wearing D. Linda like
30. The job is very dangerous.
A. he applied B. for it he applied C. he applied for it D. which the coal miners does
31. The man must be intelligent and handsome.
A. whom loves her B. who loving her C. she is loving D. she loves
32. Literature is the subject
A. I am good in B. I am terrifying of C. I am bored at D. I am bad at
Replace the clauses in underline type by infinitives.
1. He was the first man who left the burning building.
2. You are the last person who saw her alive.
3. My brother was the only one who realized the danger.
4. The pilot was the only man who survived the crash.
5. The city suffers from air pollution. The city suffers from water pollution. (both…and)
6. He is interested in gardening. He is interested in collecting stamps. (not only…but also)
7. The library doesn’t have the book I need. The bookstore doesn’t have the book I need. (neither…nor)
8. We can fix dinner for them or we can take them to the restaurant. (either or)
9. Solar energy is free. Solar energy is inexhaustible. (both…and)
Rewrite the following sentences
1 The hotel wasn’t clean. And it wasn’t comfortable.
The hotel was
2 It was a very boring film. It was very long too.
The film
3 Is that man’s name Richard? Or is it Robert? It’s one of the two.